(1/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KAPX
Issued 1/19/2026 4:01 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 12:15 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kapx 192101
nshapx
expires:202601200515;;176192
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service gaylord mi
401 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lakes huron...
michigan and superior.
waves are the significant wave height - the average of the highest
1/3 of the wave spectrum. occasional wave height is the average of
the highest 1/10 of the wave spectrum.
lmz345-346-200515-
point betsie to sleeping bear point mi-
manistee to point betsie mi-
401 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until midnight est tonight...
.through early evening...northwest wind 15 to 25 knots with gusts
to around 35 knots. heavy freezing spray. scattered snow showers.
waves 7 to 10 feet. waves occasionally around 13 feet.
.tonight...west wind 15 to 25 knots. heavy freezing spray. chance
of snow. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.tuesday...west wind 10 to 20 knots. heavy freezing spray.
scattered snow showers. waves 4 to 7 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest wind 15 to 20 knots. chance of snow.
waves 3 to 5 feet.
.wednesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots. snow likely. waves 4 to
6 feet.
see the open lakes forecast for days 3 through 5.
$$
(2/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRB
Issued 1/19/2026 5:03 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 kgrb 192303
nshgrb
expires:202601200500;;181823
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service green bay wi
503 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz542-543-200500-
sturgeon bay to two rivers wi-two rivers to sheboygan wi-
503 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect through late tonight...
.late this afternoon...w wind 15 to 25 kts. waves 2 to 4 ft.
sunny.
.tonight...w wind 15 to 25 kts. waves 2 to 4 ft subsiding to 1 to
3 ft after midnight. partly cloudy.
.tuesday...w wind 15 to 25 kts backing sw 10 to 15 kts early in
the afternoon. waves 1 to 3 ft. mostly sunny. a small craft
advisory may be needed.
.tuesday night...sw wind 10 to 15 kts. waves 1 to 3 ft. snow
after midnight.
.wednesday...nw wind 10 to 15 kts backing w 15 to 25 kts early in
the afternoon. waves 1 to 3 ft. a chance of light snow. a small
craft advisory may be needed.
$$
(3/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176008
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz849-200900-
pentwater to manistee mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 35 knots. snow showers
likely. heavy freezing spray. waves 8 to 12 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. a chance of snow showers in the evening, then
snow showers likely after midnight. heavy freezing spray through the
night. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. heavy freezing spray. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest winds 15 to 25 knots decreasing to 10 to
20 knots after midnight. mostly cloudy with snow showers likely.
waves 3 to 5 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds 10 to 20 knots becoming west to
30 knots in the late morning and afternoon. snow showers likely.
waves 4 to 6 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 35 knots. cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy. waves 6 to
9 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. mostly cloudy with a chance of snow
showers. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.saturday...northwest winds 10 to 20 knots. mostly cloudy. waves
2 to 4 feet.
$$
(4/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176013
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz844-200900-
st joseph to south haven mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with
a chance of snow showers. heavy freezing spray. waves 9 to 13 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. cloudy. a chance of snow showers in the
evening, then a chance of snow showers and a slight chance of light
sleet after midnight. heavy freezing spray through the night. waves
7 to 11 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. partly sunny with a chance of
snow showers. freezing spray. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.tuesday night...south winds to 30 knots. mostly cloudy with snow
showers. waves 3 to 5 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds to 30 knots veering west in the late
morning and afternoon. snow showers. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. cloudy with a chance of snow showers.
waves 7 to 10 feet.
.saturday...northwest winds 15 to 20 knots backing south 10 to
15 knots in the late morning and afternoon. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 3 to 5 feet.
$$
(5/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176012
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz845-200900-
south haven to holland mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers
likely. heavy freezing spray. waves 10 to 14 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. a chance of snow showers in the evening, then
snow showers likely after midnight. heavy freezing spray through the
night. waves 9 to 13 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. heavy freezing spray. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.tuesday night...south winds 15 to 25 knots. mostly cloudy with snow
showers. waves 3 to 5 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds to 30 knots veering west in the late
morning and early afternoon, then becoming gales to 35 knots early
in the afternoon. snow showers. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers. waves 7 to
10 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 40 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. snow showers likely. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.saturday...northeast winds 15 to 20 knots veering south in the late
morning and afternoon. mostly cloudy with a chance of snow showers.
waves 3 to 5 feet.
$$
(6/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176010
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz847-200900-
grand haven to whitehall mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers
likely. heavy freezing spray. waves 10 to 14 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. snow showers likely. heavy freezing spray.
waves 8 to 12 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. heavy freezing spray. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest winds 20 to 25 knots backing south after
midnight. mostly cloudy with snow showers. waves 5 to 7 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds to 30 knots veering west in the late
morning and early afternoon, then increasing to gales to 35 knots
early in the afternoon. snow showers. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 40 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. snow showers likely. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.saturday...northwest winds 15 to 20 knots. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 2 to 4 feet.
$$
(7/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176011
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz846-200900-
holland to grand haven mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers
likely. heavy freezing spray. waves 10 to 14 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. snow showers likely. heavy freezing spray.
waves 9 to 13 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. snow showers likely. heavy
freezing spray. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest winds 20 to 25 knots backing south after
midnight. mostly cloudy with a chance of snow showers. freezing
spray. waves 5 to 7 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds to 30 knots veering west in the late
morning and early afternoon, then becoming gales to 35 knots early
in the afternoon. snow showers likely. waves 6 to 9 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers. waves 7 to
11 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers likely. waves 7 to
11 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. snow showers likely. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.saturday...north winds 15 to 20 knots veering southeast in the late
morning and early afternoon, then veering south early in the
afternoon. mostly cloudy with a chance of snow showers. waves 3 to
5 feet.
$$
(8/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KGRR
Issued 1/19/2026 4:00 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/20/2026 4:00 AM America/New_York.
fzus53 kgrr 192100
nshgrr
expires:202601200900;;176009
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service grand rapids mi
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz848-200900-
whitehall to pentwater mi-
400 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...gale warning in effect until 7 pm est this evening...
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday morning...
.through early evening...west gales to 40 knots. snow showers
likely. heavy freezing spray. waves 9 to 13 feet.
.tonight...west gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the late
evening and overnight. a chance of snow showers in the evening, then
snow showers likely after midnight. heavy freezing spray through the
night. waves 7 to 11 feet.
.tuesday...west winds to 30 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. freezing spray. waves 6 to 8 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest winds 15 to 25 knots. cloudy with a
slight chance of snow showers. waves 5 to 7 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds 15 to 25 knots veering west to 30 knots
in the late morning and afternoon. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 5 to 7 feet.
.wednesday night...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.thursday...west gales to 35 knots. mostly cloudy with a chance of
snow showers. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.friday...northwest gales to 35 knots decreasing to 30 knots in the
late morning and afternoon. mostly cloudy with a chance of snow
showers. waves 7 to 10 feet.
.saturday...northwest winds 15 to 20 knots. mostly cloudy with a
chance of snow showers. waves 3 to 5 feet.
$$
(9/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KIWX
Issued 1/19/2026 4:02 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/19/2026 10:15 PM America/New_York.
fzus53 kiwx 192102
nshiwx
expires:202601200315;;176241
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service northern indiana
402 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz043-200315-
new buffalo mi to st joseph mi-
402 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday
morning...
...small craft advisory in effect through tuesday afternoon...
.tonight...west winds 15 to 25 knots. gusts up to 30 knots. heavy
freezing spray. scattered snow showers. waves 6 to 10 feet
subsiding to 5 to 8 feet.
.tuesday...west winds 15 to 20 knots becoming southwest 10 to
15 knots. gusts up to 25 knots. freezing spray in the morning.
scattered snow showers in the morning. waves 4 to 7 feet
subsiding to 2 to 4 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest winds 10 to 15 knots becoming south
15 to 20 knots. gusts up to 25 knots. snow showers likely
overnight. waves 1 to 3 feet building to 2 to 4 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds 15 to 25 knots becoming west. a
chance of snow showers in the morning. waves 3 to 6 feet.
the water temperature at st. joseph and at michigan city is 33
degrees.
$$
(10/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KIWX
Issued 1/19/2026 4:02 PM America/New_York.
Valid through 1/19/2026 10:15 PM America/New_York.
fzus53 kiwx 192102
nshiwx
expires:202601200315;;176240
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service northern indiana
402 pm est mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz046-200315-
michigan city in to new buffalo mi-
402 pm est mon jan 19 2026
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect through tuesday
morning...
...small craft advisory in effect through tuesday afternoon...
.tonight...west winds 15 to 20 knots. gusts up to 30 knots. heavy
freezing spray. scattered flurries from late evening on. waves
4 to 7 feet.
.tuesday...west winds 15 to 20 knots becoming southwest 10 to
15 knots. scattered flurries in the morning. waves 3 to 5 feet
subsiding to 1 to 3 feet.
.tuesday night...south winds 10 to 15 knots increasing to 15 to
20 knots. gusts up to 25 knots. snow showers likely overnight.
waves 1 to 3 feet.
.wednesday...southwest winds 15 to 20 knots becoming west. gusts
up to 25 knots. a chance of snow showers in the morning. waves
2 to 4 feet building to 3 to 5 feet.
the water temperature at st. joseph and at michigan city is 33
degrees.
$$
(11/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KLOT
Issued 1/19/2026 3:02 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 klot 192102
nshlot
expires:202601200500;;176239
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service chicago/romeoville il
302 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
waves are provided as a range of significant wave heights, which
is the average of the highest 1/3 of the waves, along with the
average height of the highest 10 percent of the waves which will
occasionally be encountered.
lmz744-745-200500-
gary to burns harbor in-burns harbor to michigan city in-
302 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...heavy freezing spray warning in effect until 9 pm cst this
evening...
...small craft advisory in effect through tuesday morning...
.tonight...west winds to 30 kt diminishing to 20 to 25 kt. heavy
freezing spray. a few flurries. waves 5 to 8 ft occasionally to
10 ft subsiding to 4 to 6 ft occasionally to 8 ft.
.tuesday...west winds 20 to 25 kt becoming southwest 15 to 20 kt
in the afternoon. partly cloudy. waves 3 to 6 ft occasionally to 8
ft subsiding to 2 to 4 ft.
.tuesday night...south winds 15 to 25 kt. slight chance of snow
in the evening, then snow likely overnight. waves 1 to 3 ft
building to 2 to 4 ft.
.wednesday...southwest winds 20 to 25 kt becoming west. chance of
snow in the morning. waves 3 to 5 ft.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
(12/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KLOT
Issued 1/19/2026 3:02 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 klot 192102
nshlot
expires:202601200500;;176238
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service chicago/romeoville il
302 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
waves are provided as a range of significant wave heights, which
is the average of the highest 1/3 of the waves, along with the
average height of the highest 10 percent of the waves which will
occasionally be encountered.
lmz740>743-200500-
winthrop harbor to wilmette harbor il-
wilmette harbor to northerly island il-
northerly island to calumet harbor il-
calumet harbor il to gary in-
302 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect through late tonight...
.tonight...west winds to 30 kt diminishing to 15 to 20 kt late. a
few flurries. waves 3 to 5 ft subsiding to 2 to 4 ft.
.tuesday...west winds 10 to 20 kt becoming southwest. mostly
sunny in the morning, then becoming partly cloudy. waves 1 to
3 ft.
.tuesday night...south winds 15 to 20 kt. slight chance of snow
in the evening, then snow overnight. waves 1 to 3 ft building to
2 to 4 ft.
.wednesday...southwest winds 10 to 20 kt becoming west 15 to 25
kt. slight chance of snow in the morning. waves 1 to 3 ft.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
(13/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KMKX
Issued 1/19/2026 5:10 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 kmkx 192310
nshmkx
expires:202601200500;;182469
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service milwaukee/sullivan wi
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz643-200500-
sheboygan to port washington wi-
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect until 3 am cst tuesday...
.tonight...west wind 15 to 25 knots becoming 15 to 20 knots early
in the morning. partly cloudy. waves 3 to 4 feet subsiding to
1 to 2 feet early in the morning.
.tuesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots backing southwest late in the
afternoon. mostly sunny. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest wind 10 to 15 knots. chance of snow
through around midnight, then snow after midnight. waves 1 to
2 feet.
.wednesday...northwest wind 10 to 15 knots becoming west 15 to
20 knots in the late morning and early afternoon, then becoming
15 to 25 knots late in the afternoon. chance of snow in the
morning. waves 1 to 2 feet building to 2 to 4 feet late in the
afternoon.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
(14/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KMKX
Issued 1/19/2026 5:10 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 kmkx 192310
nshmkx
expires:202601200500;;182470
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service milwaukee/sullivan wi
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz644-200500-
port washington to north point light wi-
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect until 3 am cst tuesday...
.tonight...west wind 15 to 25 knots easing to 10 to 20 knots
after midnight, then becoming 15 to 20 knots early in the
morning. partly cloudy. waves 2 to 4 feet subsiding to 1 to
2 feet after midnight.
.tuesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots becoming southwest 10 to
15 knots late in the afternoon. mostly sunny. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest wind 10 to 15 knots. chance of snow
through around midnight, then snow after midnight. waves 1 to
2 feet.
.wednesday...west wind 10 to 15 knots rising to 15 to 20 knots
late in the morning, then becoming west 15 to 20 knots early in
the afternoon becoming 15 to 25 knots late in the afternoon.
chance of snow in the morning. waves 1 to 2 feet building to 2 to
4 feet late in the afternoon.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
(15/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KMKX
Issued 1/19/2026 5:10 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 kmkx 192310
nshmkx
expires:202601200500;;182471
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service milwaukee/sullivan wi
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz645-200500-
north point light to wind point wi-
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect until 3 am cst tuesday...
.tonight...west wind 15 to 25 knots becoming 15 to 20 knots after
midnight. partly cloudy. waves 2 to 4 feet subsiding to 1 to
2 feet early in the morning.
.tuesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots becoming southwest 10 to
15 knots late in the afternoon. mostly sunny. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest wind 10 to 15 knots backing south in
the late evening and early morning, then veering southwest early
in the morning. chance of snow through around midnight, then snow
after midnight. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.wednesday...west wind 10 to 20 knots becoming 15 to 20 knots
late in the morning, then becoming west 15 to 20 knots early in
the afternoon becoming 15 to 25 knots late in the afternoon.
chance of snow in the morning. waves 1 to 2 feet building to 2 to
4 feet late in the afternoon.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
(16/16)
Latest Nearshore Marine Forecast by KMKX
Issued 1/19/2026 5:10 PM US/Central.
Valid through 1/19/2026 11:00 PM US/Central.
fzus53 kmkx 192310
nshmkx
expires:202601200500;;182472
nearshore marine forecast
national weather service milwaukee/sullivan wi
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
for waters within five nautical miles of shore on lake michigan
lmz646-200500-
wind point wi to winthrop harbor il-
510 pm cst mon jan 19 2026
...small craft advisory in effect until 3 am cst tuesday...
.tonight...west wind 15 to 25 knots becoming 15 to 20 knots in
the late evening and early morning, then becoming west 15 to
20 knots early in the morning. partly cloudy. waves 2 to 4 feet
subsiding to 1 to 2 feet after midnight.
.tuesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots easing to 10 to 15 knots
early in the afternoon, then backing southwest late in the
afternoon. sunny. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.tuesday night...southwest wind 10 to 15 knots backing south in
the late evening and early morning, then veering southwest early
in the morning. chance of snow through around midnight, then snow
after midnight. waves 1 to 2 feet.
.wednesday...west wind 15 to 20 knots. chance of snow in the
morning. waves 1 to 2 feet.
wave heights are for ice free areas.
$$
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